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ABAPDESCRIBE_FIELD - DESCRIBE FIELD
CPI1466 during Backup TXBHW - Original Tax Base Amount in Local CurrencyThis documentation is copyright by SAP AG.
DESCRIBE FIELD
DESCRIBE FIELD dobj
$[TYPE typ $[COMPONENTS com$]$]
$[LENGTH ilen IN ${BYTE$|CHARACTER$} MODE$]
$[DECIMALS dec$]
$[OUTPUT-LENGTH olen$]
$[HELP-ID hlp$]
$[EDIT MASK mask$].
Additions
1. ... TYPE typ $[COMPONENTS com$]
2. ... LENGTH ilen IN ${BYTE$|CHARACTER$} MODE
3. ... DECIMALS dec
4. ... OUTPUT-LENGTH olen
5. ... HELP-ID hlp
6. ... EDIT MASK mask
Effect
This statement determines some attributes of the data object dobj and assigns them to the specified target fields. The following can be specified as target fields of each addition:
- Existing variables to which the return value can be converted.
- Inline declarations DATA(var) or FINAL(var).
The different additions make it possible to determine the data type and the number of components for structures, the length used in the memory, the number of decimal places, the output length, the name of the data type for a reference to a data element in the ABAP Dictionary, and any conversion routines.
Notes
- Field symbols or formal parameters can be specified in procedures for dobj to determine the attributes of the data object they represent when the statement is executed.
- The statement DESCRIBE is mainly suitable for determining the attributes of data objects of elementary data types. When DESCRIBE is used for structures or data objects of
deep data types like
strings, internal tables, or reference variables, only elementary attributes can be determined. Additional
information, for example, the static or dynamic type of a reference variable cannot be determined using DESCRIBE. For this kind of information, the type description classes of runtime type services
(RTTS) should be used. These enable all data object attributes of all data types to be determined.
Addition 1
... TYPE typ $[COMPONENTS com$]
Effect
Determines the data type of the data object dobj. The return value is a single character ID. In an inline declaration for typ, a variable of the type c with length 1 is declared. The following tables list the assignment of return values for all possible data types. The ID is case-sensitive.
The type description classes of Runtime Type Services
(RTTS) use constants with values that correspond to the internal, character-like IDs for all possible data types. These constants are defined in class
CL_ABAP_TYPEDESCR and are listed in column RTTS constant.
| Numeric Data Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| b | b | TYPEKIND_INT1 |
| s | s | TYPEKIND_INT2 |
| i | I | TYPEKIND_INT |
| int8 | 8 | TYPEKIND_INT8 |
| p | P | TYPEKIND_PACKED |
| decfloat16 | a | TYPEKIND_DECFLOAT16 |
| decfloat34 | e | TYPEKIND_DECFLOAT34 |
| f | F | TYPEKIND_FLOAT |
| Character-Like Data Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| c | C | TYPEKIND_CHAR |
| n | N | TYPEKIND_NUM |
| string | g | TYPEKIND_STRING |
| Byte-Like Data Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| x | X | TYPEKIND_HEX |
| xstring | y | TYPEKIND_XSTRING |
| Date, Time, Time Stamp Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| d | D | TYPEKIND_DATE |
| t | T | TYPEKIND_TIME |
| utclong | p | TYPEKIND_UTCLONG |
| Enumerated Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| Enumerated type | k | TYPEKIND_ENUM |
| Reference Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| Data reference | l | TYPEKIND_DREF |
| Object reference | r | TYPEKIND_OREF |
| Complex Type | ID | RTTS constant |
| Flat structure | u | TYPEKIND_STRUCT1 |
| Deep structure | v | TYPEKIND_STRUCT2 |
| Internal table | h | TYPEKIND_TABLE |
The addition COMPONENTS determines the number of direct components of the data object dobj.
The return value is of type i. For an inline declaration, a variable of type i is declared.
If the data object dobj is not a structure, the value 0 is returned. If dobj is a nested structure, only the components of the highest hierarchy level are counted.
Note
If DESCRIBE FIELD is applied directly to a
static box, its
data type according to the above table is returned and not the internal ID j for the boxed component.
Example
For the deep nested structure struc1, the type ID "v" and three components are determined. For the
flat structure struc2, the type ID "u" and two components are determined.
Addition 2
... LENGTH ilen IN ${BYTE$|CHARACTER$} MODE
Effect
Determines the length used directly by the data object dobj in the memory in bytes or characters depending on the addition MODE. The return value is of type i. For an inline declaration, a variable of type i is declared.
The variant with the addition IN BYTE MODE determines the length of the data object dobj
in bytes. The variant with the addition IN CHARACTER MODE determines the length of the data object dobj in characters. When using IN CHARACTER MODE, the data type of dobj must be flat and character-like. For
deep data types, only
IN BYTE MODE can be specified and the length of the references involved (eight bytes for each reference) is always determined.
Notes
- For data objects with a fixed length, the length is determined that is specified when the data object is created. The built-in function strlen can be used to determine the occupied length of character-like data objects while ignoring the trailing blanks.
- In structures, the alignment gaps are part of the length. This is particularly significant in the case of alignment gaps that can occur before the end of the structure.
- With enumerated objects, the addition IN BYTE MODE must be specified and the length of the actual
enumerated value is determined in the
basic type.
Example
Calculation of the bytes required for the representation of one character. The result is greater than 1 in multibyte systems.
Example
The result len of the following DESCRIBE statement is 9, not 10, due to a trailing alignment gap in struct.
Addition 3
... DECIMALS dec
Effect
Determines the number
of decimal places of the data object dobj. The return value is of type i. For an inline declaration, a variable of type i is declared.
Note
Only data objects of the data type p can have decimal places. Therefore, the result in dec can differ from 0 only for these data objects.
Example
The system recognizes 0 decimal places and then 4 decimal places.
Addition 4
... OUTPUT-LENGTH olen
Effect
For data objects with a fixed length, the output length of the data object dobj required for screen layouts is determined. The return value is of type i. For an inline declaration, a variable of type i is declared.
Generally, this result corresponds to the predefined output length of the data object in accordance
with its data type in the output in the list buffer. In strings, olen is always set to 0. olen expects the data type i.
Notes
- Normally, the required output length is determined sufficiently by the specification in the table for predefined output lengths, unless the data type of the data object is defined with a reference to ABAP Dictionary and an output length or a conversion routine is specified in the corresponding domain.
- If the output length defined in a dynpro for a dynpro field with the same name as dobj is shorter than the required output length, an overflow raises an uncatchable exception. When passed to the list buffer, the outputs are truncated if the output length is shorter than the required output length.
- When separators or templates are defined in the user master record for the output of a data type, they are only displayed if the defined output length is sufficient. The required length can be longer than the output length determined by OUTPUT-LENGTH.
- The output length for strings can be determined using the functions strlen or xstrlen.
Example
For date1, the output length 8 linked with the type d is determined. For date2, the output length 10 defined in the domain SYDATS is determined.
Addition 5
... HELP-ID hlp
Effect
If the data type of the data object dobj is determined by a DDIC data element, the name of the data type is assigned that was used after the addition TYPE when defining the data object dobj. The return value is a string. In an inline declaration, a variable of the type string is declared.
If the data object does not refer to a data object in the ABAP Dictionary, hlp is initialized. hlp expects a character-like data object.
If a field symbol, to which a structure component is assigned using the statement ASSIGN COMPONENT,
is specified for dobj, and if the structure component refers to a component of a DDIC structure, then the complete name of the structure component is returned.
Note
The addition is called HELP-ID because the name of the data type in hlp can be used to call the field help or input help assigned in the ABAP Dictionary.
Example
After DESCRIBE FIELD, hlp contains the value "SPFLI-CARRID". Since an input help is assigned to this component in the ABAP Dictionary, the input help can be called using the function module F4IF_FIELD_VALUE_REQUEST. If the name s_carr_id is specified after TYPE when defining carrid, hlp contains the value "S_CARR_ID" and can be used, for example, to call the field help using the function module HELP_OBJECT_SHOW.
Example
hlp also contains the value "SPFLI-CARRID" after DESCRIBE FIELD in this example.
Addition 6
... EDIT MASK mask
Effect
If a conversion routine is assigned to the data object dobj by referring to a domain in the ABAP
Dictionary, the name of the conversion routine is determined and prefixed with two equal signs "==".
The return value is a string. In an inline declaration, a variable of the type string is declared. If no conversion routine is assigned to the data object, mask is initialized or remains initial.
Note
If a data object mask meets these requirements, it can be used directly in the addition USING EDIT MASK of the statement WRITE $[TO$] to call the conversion routine.
Example
Since the data element S_FLTIME in the ABAP Dictionary is linked with the conversion routine SDURA by the domain S_DURA, msk contains the value "==SDURA" after DESCRIBE FIELD and the statement WRITE TO returns the value "5:33" after the conversion from seconds to minutes.
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This documentation is copyright by SAP AG.
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